The role of CNS fuel sensing in energy and glucose regulation.
Gastroenterology. 2007-05-01; 132(6): 2158-2168
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.049
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1. Gastroenterology. 2007 May;132(6):2158-68.
The role of CNS fuel sensing in energy and glucose regulation.
Cota D(1), Proulx K, Seeley RJ.
Author information:
(1)Department of Psychiatry, Genome Research Institute, University of Cincinnati,
Cincinnati, Ohio 45237, USA.
Individual cells must carefully regulate their energy flux to ensure nutrient
levels are adequate to maintain normal cellular activity. The same principle
holds in multicellular organisms. Thus, for mammals to perform necessary
physiological functions, sufficient nutrients need to be available. It is more
complex, however, to understand how the energy status of different cells impacts
on the overall energy balance of the entire organism. We propose that the central
nervous system is the critical organ for the coordination of intracellular
metabolic processes that are essential to guarantee energy homeostasis at the
organismal level. In particular, we suggest that in specific hypothalamic
neurons, evolutionarily conserved fuel sensors, such as adenosine
monophosphate-activated protein kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR),
integrate sensory input from nutrients, including those derived from recently
ingested food or those that are stored in adipose tissue, to regulate effector
pathways responsible for fuel intake and utilization. The corollary to this
hypothesis is that dysregulation of these fuel-sensing mechanisms in the brain
may contribute to metabolic dysregulation underlying diseases, such as obesity
and type 2 diabetes.
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.049
PMID: 17498509 [Indexed for MEDLINE]