Differential contribution of microglia and monocytes in neurodegenerative diseases.
J Neural Transm. 2017-10-23; 125(5): 809-826
DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1795-7
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1. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2018 May;125(5):809-826. doi:
10.1007/s00702-017-1795-7. Epub 2017 Oct 23.
Differential contribution of microglia and monocytes in neurodegenerative
diseases.
Baufeld C(1), O’Loughlin E(1), Calcagno N(1), Madore C(1), Butovsky O(2)(3).
Author information:
(1)Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
(2)Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
.
(3)Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .
Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases including
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis (ALS). Microglia, the innate immune cells of the CNS, are the first to
react to pathological insults. However, multiple studies have also demonstrated
an involvement of peripheral monocytes in several neurodegenerative diseases. Due
to the different origins of these two cell types, it is important to distinguish
their role and function in the development and progression of these diseases. In
this review, we will summarize and discuss the current knowledge of the
differential contributions of microglia and monocytes in the common
neurodegenerative diseases AD, PD, and ALS, as well as multiple sclerosis, which
is now regarded as a combination of inflammatory processes and neurodegeneration.
Until recently, it has been challenging to differentiate microglia from
monocytes, as there were no specific markers. Therefore, the recent
identification of specific molecular signatures of both cell types will help to
advance our understanding of their differential contribution in neurodegenerative
diseases.
DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1795-7
PMCID: PMC7255107
PMID: 29063348 [Indexed for MEDLINE]