Biophysical mechanisms underlying the membrane trafficking of synaptic adhesion molecules.
Neuropharmacology. 2019-03-01; :
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.02.037
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1. Neuropharmacology. 2019 Mar 1. pii: S0028-3908(19)30076-0. doi:
10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.02.037.
Biophysical mechanisms underlying the membrane trafficking of synaptic adhesion
molecules.
Chamma I(1), Sainlos M(1), Thoumine O(2).
Author information:
(1)Univ. Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297,
F-33000, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience,
UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
(2)Univ. Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297,
F-33000, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience,
UMR 5297, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
Electronic address: .
Adhesion proteins play crucial roles at synapses, not only by providing a
physical trans-synaptic linkage between axonal and dendritic membranes, but also
by connecting to functional elements including the pre-synaptic neurotransmitter
release machinery and post-synaptic receptors. To mediate these functions,
adhesion proteins must be organized on the neuronal surface in a precise and
controlled manner. Recent studies have started to describe the mobility,
nanoscale organization, and turnover rate of key synaptic adhesion molecules
including cadherins, neurexins, neuroligins, SynCAMs, and LRRTMs, and show that
some of these proteins are highly mobile in the plasma membrane while others are
confined at sub-synaptic compartments, providing evidence for different
regulatory pathways. In this review article, we provide a biophysical view of the
diffusional trapping of adhesion molecules at synapses, involving both
extracellular and intracellular protein interactions. We review the methodology
underlying these measurements, including biomimetic systems with purified
adhesion proteins, means to perturb protein expression or function, single
molecule imaging in cultured neurons, and analytical models to interpret the
data.
Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.02.037
PMID: 30831159