The ENIGMA Consortium: large-scale collaborative analyses of neuroimaging and genetic data.

Thompson PM(1), Stein JL, Medland SE, Hibar DP, Vasquez AA, Renteria ME, Toro R,
Jahanshad N, Schumann G, Franke B, Wright MJ, Martin NG, Agartz I, Alda M,
Alhusaini S, Almasy L, Almeida J, Alpert K, Andreasen NC, Andreassen OA,
Apostolova LG, Appel K, Armstrong NJ, Aribisala B, Bastin ME, Bauer M, Bearden
CE, Bergmann O, Binder EB, Blangero J, Bockholt HJ, Bøen E, Bois C, Boomsma DI,
Booth T, Bowman IJ, Bralten J, Brouwer RM, Brunner HG, Brohawn DG, Buckner RL,
Buitelaar J, Bulayeva K, Bustillo JR, Calhoun VD, Cannon DM, Cantor RM, Carless
MA, Caseras X, Cavalleri GL, Chakravarty MM, Chang KD, Ching CR, Christoforou A,
Cichon S, Clark VP, Conrod P, Coppola G, Crespo-Facorro B, Curran JE, Czisch M,
Deary IJ, de Geus EJ, den Braber A, Delvecchio G, Depondt C, de Haan L, de
Zubicaray GI, Dima D, Dimitrova R, Djurovic S, Dong H, Donohoe G, Duggirala R,
Dyer TD, Ehrlich S, Ekman CJ, Elvsåshagen T, Emsell L, Erk S, Espeseth T,
Fagerness J, Fears S, Fedko I, Fernández G, Fisher SE, Foroud T, Fox PT, Francks
C, Frangou S, Frey EM, Frodl T, Frouin V, Garavan H, Giddaluru S, Glahn DC,
Godlewska B, Goldstein RZ, Gollub RL, Grabe HJ, Grimm O, Gruber O, Guadalupe T,
Gur RE, Gur RC, Göring HH, Hagenaars S, Hajek T, Hall GB, Hall J, Hardy J,
Hartman CA, Hass J, Hatton SN, Haukvik UK, Hegenscheid K, Heinz A, Hickie IB, Ho
BC, Hoehn D, Hoekstra PJ, Hollinshead M, Holmes AJ, Homuth G, Hoogman M, Hong LE,
Hosten N, Hottenga JJ, Hulshoff Pol HE, Hwang KS, Jack CR Jr, Jenkinson M,
Johnston C, Jönsson EG, Kahn RS, Kasperaviciute D, Kelly S, Kim S, Kochunov P,
Koenders L, Krämer B, Kwok JB, Lagopoulos J, Laje G, Landen M, Landman BA,
Lauriello J, Lawrie SM, Lee PH, Le Hellard S, Lemaître H, Leonardo CD, Li CS,
Liberg B, Liewald DC, Liu X, Lopez LM, Loth E, Lourdusamy A, Luciano M, Macciardi
F, Machielsen MW, Macqueen GM, Malt UF, Mandl R, Manoach DS, Martinot JL, Matarin
M, Mather KA, Mattheisen M, Mattingsdal M, Meyer-Lindenberg A, McDonald C,
McIntosh AM, McMahon FJ, McMahon KL, Meisenzahl E, Melle I, Milaneschi Y, Mohnke
S, Montgomery GW, Morris DW, Moses EK, Mueller BA, Muñoz Maniega S, Mühleisen TW,
Müller-Myhsok B, Mwangi B, Nauck M, Nho K, Nichols TE, Nilsson LG, Nugent AC,
Nyberg L, Olvera RL, Oosterlaan J, Ophoff RA, Pandolfo M,
Papalampropoulou-Tsiridou M, Papmeyer M, Paus T, Pausova Z, Pearlson GD, Penninx
BW, Peterson CP, Pfennig A, Phillips M, Pike GB, Poline JB, Potkin SG, Pütz B,
Ramasamy A, Rasmussen J, Rietschel M, Rijpkema M, Risacher SL, Roffman JL,
Roiz-Santiañez R, Romanczuk-Seiferth N, Rose EJ, Royle NA, Rujescu D, Ryten M,
Sachdev PS, Salami A, Satterthwaite TD, Savitz J, Saykin AJ, Scanlon C, Schmaal
L, Schnack HG, Schork AJ, Schulz SC, Schür R, Seidman L, Shen L, Shoemaker JM,
Simmons A, Sisodiya SM, Smith C, Smoller JW, Soares JC, Sponheim SR, Sprooten E,
Starr JM, Steen VM, Strakowski S, Strike L, Sussmann J, Sämann PG, Teumer A, Toga
AW, Tordesillas-Gutierrez D, Trabzuni D, Trost S, Turner J, Van den Heuvel M, van
der Wee NJ, van Eijk K, van Erp TG, van Haren NE, van ‘t Ent D, van Tol MJ,
Valdés Hernández MC, Veltman DJ, Versace A, Völzke H, Walker R, Walter H, Wang L,
Wardlaw JM, Weale ME, Weiner MW, Wen W, Westlye LT, Whalley HC, Whelan CD, White
T, Winkler AM, Wittfeld K, Woldehawariat G, Wolf C, Zilles D, Zwiers MP,
Thalamuthu A, Schofield PR, Freimer NB, Lawrence NS, Drevets W; Alzheimer’s
Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, EPIGEN Consortium, IMAGEN Consortium, Saguenay
Youth Study (SYS) Group.

Author information:
(1)Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck
School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los
Angeles, CA, 90033, USA, .

The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium is
a collaborative network of researchers working together on a range of large-scale
studies that integrate data from 70 institutions worldwide. Organized into
Working Groups that tackle questions in neuroscience, genetics, and medicine,
ENIGMA studies have analyzed neuroimaging data from over 12,826 subjects. In
addition, data from 12,171 individuals were provided by the CHARGE consortium for
replication of findings, in a total of 24,997 subjects. By meta-analyzing results
from many sites, ENIGMA has detected factors that affect the brain that no
individual site could detect on its own, and that require larger numbers of
subjects than any individual neuroimaging study has currently collected. ENIGMA’s
first project was a genome-wide association study identifying common variants in
the genome associated with hippocampal volume or intracranial volume. Continuing
work is exploring genetic associations with subcortical volumes (ENIGMA2) and
white matter microstructure (ENIGMA-DTI). Working groups also focus on
understanding how schizophrenia, bipolar illness, major depression and attention
deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect the brain. We review the current
progress of the ENIGMA Consortium, along with challenges and unexpected
discoveries made on the way.

 

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