Sleep timing, workplace well-being and mental health in healthcare workers.
Sleep Medicine. 2023-11-01; 111: 123-132
DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.09.013
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Coelho J(1), Lucas G(2), Micoulaud-Franchi JA(1), Tran B(3), Yon DK(4), Taillard J(5), D’Incau E(1), Philip P(1), Boyer L(3), Fond G(6).
Author information:
(1)Univ. Bordeaux, SANPSY, UMR 6033, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, SANPSY,
UMR 6033, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; CHU Bordeaux, Service Universitaire de
Médecine du sommeil, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
(2)Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University,
CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, 27, boulevard Jean
-Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.
(3)Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University,
CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, 27, boulevard Jean
-Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.
(4)Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Republic of Korea; Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research
Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of
Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
(5)Univ. Bordeaux, SANPSY, UMR 6033, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; CNRS, SANPSY,
UMR 6033, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
(6)Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University,
CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, 27, boulevard Jean
-Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.
Electronic address: .
INTRODUCTION: Healthcare workers face an elevated risk of burnout, sleep
disorders, and mental health issues, potentially stemming from the misalignment
of their circadian rhythm due to nonstandard work schedules. This
cross-sectional survey aims to examine the connections between sleep timing,
workplace well-being (including burnout and absenteeism), and mental health
outcomes (specifically depression and poor sleep) in healthcare workers.
Additionally, the survey takes into account individual and professional factors,
as well as the interaction with work schedules.
METHODS: The study encompasses 4,971 healthcare workers from both public and
private healthcare facilities in France, including nurses, nursing assistants,
and physicians recruited during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The
Maslach Burnout Inventory assesses burnout, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies
Depression Scale measures depression, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
evaluates poor sleep. Sleep timing is categorized into morning, neutral, and
evening timing, referred to as midsleep. Multivariate logistic regression
analysis is conducted to explore the relationships between sleep timing and
burnout, depression, and poor sleep, while adjusting for various factors.
RESULTS: The findings reveal that 56.5% of participants experience burnout,
29.8% report depression, and 64.5% report poor sleep. Nurses and nursing
assistants exhibit a higher prevalence of poor sleep. Morning sleep timing is
associated with burnout among those with fixed schedules and with depression
among those with shift schedules. Among physicians, both morning and evening
sleep timing are associated with depression, while morning sleep timing is
linked to poor sleep across all subgroups.
INTERPRETATION: This study suggests that the misalignment between healthcare
workers’ internal circadian rhythm and their work schedules may contribute to an
increased risk of burnout, depression, and poor sleep. Occupational health
services and policymakers should recognize the potential for enhancing workplace
well-being and mental health outcomes by enabling healthcare workers to maintain
sleep schedules that accommodate their needs.
Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.