Separate neural systems for behavioral change and for emotional responses to failure during behavioral inhibition.
Hum. Brain Mapp.. 2017-04-01; :
DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23607
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To analyze the involvement of different brain regions in behavioral inhibition
and impulsiveness, differences in activation were investigated in fMRI data from
a response inhibition task, the stop-signal task, in 1709 participants. First,
areas activated more in stop-success (SS) than stop-failure (SF) included the
lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) extending into the inferior frontal gyrus
(ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, BA 47/12), and the dorsolateral prefrontal
cortex (DLPFC). Second, the anterior cingulate and anterior insula (AI) were
activated more on failure trials, specifically in SF versus SS. The interaction
between brain region and SS versus SF activations was significant (P = 5.6 * 10-8
). The results provide new evidence from this “big data” investigation consistent
with the hypotheses that the lateral OFC is involved in the stop-related
processing that inhibits the action; that the DLPFC is involved in attentional
processes that influence task performance; and that the AI and anterior cingulate
are involved in emotional processes when failure occurs. The investigation thus
emphasizes the role of the human lateral OFC BA 47/12 in changing behavior, and
inhibiting behavior when necessary. A very similar area in BA47/12 is involved in
changing behavior when an expected reward is not obtained, and has been shown to
have high functional connectivity in depression. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3527-3537,
2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.