Latent toxoplasma infection in real-world schizophrenia: Results from the national FACE-SZ cohort

G. Fond, L. Boyer, F. Schürhoff, F. Berna, O. Godin, E. Bulzacka, M. Andrianarisoa, L. Brunel, B. Aouizerate, D. Capdevielle, I. Chereau, N. Coulon, T. D'Amato, C. Dubertret, J. Dubreucq, C. Faget, C. Lançon, S. Leignier, J. Mallet, D. Misdrahi, C. Passerieux, R. Rey, A. Schandrin, M. Urbach, P. Vidailhet, P.M. Llorca, M. Leboyer, N. Bazin, O. Blanc, I. Chereau-Boudet, G. Chesnoy-Servanin, J.M. Danion, A. Deloge, H. Denizot, J.M. Dorey, C. Fluttaz, S. Fonteneau, F. Gabayet, E. Giraud-Baro, M. Jarroir, D. Lacelle, H. Laouamri, T. Le Gloahec, Y. Le Strat, E. Metairie, I. Offerlin-Meyer, P. Peri, S. Pires, C. Portalier, L. Ramet, C. Roman, A. Tessier, A.M. Tronche, F. Vaillant, A. Vehier, E. Vilà, H. Yazbek, A. Zinetti-Bertschy
Schizophrenia Research. 2018-11-01; 201: 373-380
DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.05.007

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1. Schizophr Res. 2018 Nov;201:373-380. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.05.007. Epub
2018 May 27.

Latent toxoplasma infection in real-world schizophrenia: Results from the
national FACE-SZ cohort.

Fond G(1), Boyer L(2), Schürhoff F(3), Berna F(4), Godin O(5), Bulzacka E(3),
Andrianarisoa M(3), Brunel L(3), Aouizerate B(6), Capdevielle D(7), Chereau
I(8), Coulon N(3), D’Amato T(9), Dubertret C(10), Dubreucq J(11), Faget C(2),
Lançon C(2), Leignier S(11), Mallet J(10), Misdrahi D(12), Passerieux C(13), Rey
R(9), Schandrin A(7), Urbach M(13), Vidailhet P(14), Llorca PM(8), Leboyer M(3);
FACE-SZ (FondaMental Academic Centers of Expertise for Schizophrenia) group..

Collaborators: Andrianarisoa M(15), Aouizerate B(16), Bazin N(17), Berna F(18),
Blanc O(19), Brunel L(15), Bulzacka E(15), Capdevielle D(20), Chereau-Boudet
I(19), Chesnoy-Servanin G(21), Coulon N(15), Danion JM(18), D’Amato T(21),
Deloge A(22), Denizot H(19), Dorey JM(21), Dubertret C(23), Dubreucq J(24),
Faget C(25), Fluttaz C(24), Fond G(26), Fonteneau S(17), Gabayet F(24),
Giraud-Baro E(24), Jarroir M(17), Leignier S(23), Lacelle D(19), Lançon C(25),
Laouamri H(26), Leboyer M(15), Le Gloahec T(15), Le Strat Y(23), Llorca PM(19),
Mallet J(23), Metairie E(25), Misdrahi D(22), Offerlin-Meyer I(18), Passerieux
C(17), Peri P(25), Pires S(19), Portalier C(23), Ramet L(17), Rey R(21), Roman
C(23), Schandrin A(27), Schürhoff F(15), Tessier A(22), Tronche AM(19), Urbach
M(17), Vaillant F(25), Vehier A(21), Vidailhet P(18), Vilà E(22), Yazbek H(20),
Zinetti-Bertschy A(18).

Author information:
(1)Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Aix-Marseille Univ, Faculté de
Médecine – Secteur Timone, EA 3279: CEReSS -Centre d’Etude et de Recherche sur
les Services de Santé et la Qualité de vie, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005
Marseille, France. Electronic address: .
(2)Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Aix-Marseille Univ, Faculté de
Médecine – Secteur Timone, EA 3279: CEReSS -Centre d’Etude et de Recherche sur
les Services de Santé et la Qualité de vie, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005
Marseille, France.
(3)Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; INSERM U955, équipe de psychiatrie
translationnelle, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil, DHU Pe-PSY,
Pôle de Psychiatrie des Hôpitaux Universitaires H Mondor, Créteil, France.
(4)Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Hôpitaux Universitaires de
Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U1114, Fédération de Médecine
Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
(5)Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris
06, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique,
F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie
et de Santé Publique, F-75013 Paris, France.
(6)Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Université de Bordeaux, Centre
Hospitalier Charles Perrens, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; INRA, NutriNeuro,
University of Bordeaux, U1286 F-33076 Bordeaux, France.
(7)Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie
Adulte, Hôpital la Colombière, CHRU Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1,
Inserm 1061, Montpellier, France.
(8)Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; CMP B, CHU, EA 7280 Faculté de
Médecine, Université d’Auvergne, BP 69 63003 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France.
(9)Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Centre de
Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Equipe
PSYR2, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Pole Est, 95 bd Pinel, BP 30039, 69678
Bron Cedex, France.
(10)Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry,
Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, Inserm U894, Université Paris Diderot,
Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, France.
(11)Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Centre Référent de Réhabilitation
Psychosociale, CH Alpes Isère, Grenoble, France.
(12)Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Université de Bordeaux, Centre
Hospitalier Charles Perrens, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS UMR 5287-INCIA,
France.
(13)Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Centre Hospitalier de Versailles,
Service de psychiatrie et d’addictologie adulte, Le Chesnay, EA 4047 HANDIReSP,
UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil, Université Versailles
Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, France.
(14)Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, INSERM
U1114, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg,
France.
(15)Fondation Fondamental, France; INSERM U955, Translational Psychiatry Team,
DHU Pe-PSY, Centre Expert Schizophrénie, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d’Addictologie
des Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Paris Est University, 40 rue de Mesly,
94000 Créteil, France.
(16)Fondation Fondamental, France; Department of Adult Psychiatry, Charles
Perrens Hospital, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; Laboratory of Nutrition and
Integrative Neurobiology (UMR INRA 1286), University of Bordeaux, France.
(17)Fondation Fondamental, France; Department of Adult Psychiatry, Versailles
Hospital, Le Chesnay, France; HandiRESP Laboratory, EA4047, UFR Health Sciences
Simone Veil, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-En-Yvelines,
Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.
(18)Fondation Fondamental, France; Strasbourg University Hospital, University of
Strasbourg, INSERM U1114, Federation of Translational Psychiatry, Strasbourg,
France.
(19)Fondation Fondamental, France; Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, EA 7280
Auvergne University, BP 69 63003 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France.
(20)Fondation Fondamental, France; University Department of Adult Psychiatry, La
Colombiere Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier 1, Inserm 1061,
Montpellier, France.
(21)Fondation Fondamental, France; University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Le Vinatier
Hospital Pole Est BP 300 39, 95 bd Pinel, 69678 BRON Cedex, France.
(22)Fondation Fondamental, France; Department of Adult Psychiatry, Charles
Perrens Hospital, F-33076 Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR
5287-INCIA, Bordeaux, France.
(23)Fondation Fondamental, France; AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry, Louis
Mourier Hospital, Colombes, Inserm U894 Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris
Cité, Faculté de médecine, France.
(24)Fondation Fondamental, France; Psychosocial Rehabilitation Reference Center,
Alpes Isère Hospital, Grenoble, France.
(25)Fondation Fondamental, France; Department of Psychiatry (AP-HM),
Sainte-Marguerite University Hospital, Marseille, France.
(26)Fondation Fondamental, France.
(27)Fondation Fondamental, France; Department of Adult Psychiatry, University
Hospital of Nimes, France.

OBJECTIVE: Latent Toxoplasma infection has been associated with widespread brain
immune activation, increased blood brain barrier permeability, neural
disruption, increased dopamine release in dopaminergic neurons, with NMDA
activation and with schizophrenia (SZ) onset risk. Toxoplasma has been suggested
to be a source of chronic low-grade inflammation and this inflammation has been
associated with cognitive impairment in SZ. The objective of the present study
were (i) to determine if latent Toxoplasma infection was associated with
specific clinical features in stabilized SZ subjects, with cognitive impairment
and with increased low-grade peripheral inflammation and (ii) to determine if
Treatments with Anti-Toxoplasmic Activity (TATA) were associated with improved
outcomes in subjects with latent Toxoplasma infection.
METHODS: A comprehensive 2 daylong clinical and neuropsychological battery was
administered in 250 SZ subjects included between 2015 and 2017 in the national
FondaMental Expert Center (FACE-SZ) Cohort. Solid phase-enzyme microplate
immunoassay methods were used to measure IgG class of antibodies to T. gondii in
blood sample. Latent Toxoplasma infection was defined by T. gondii IgG ratio
≥0.8, equivalent to ≥10 international units. Chronic peripheral inflammation was
defined by highly sensitive C reactive protein blood level ≥ 3 mg/L.
RESULTS: Latent Toxoplasma infection has been found in 184 (73.6%) of this
national multicentric sample. In the multivariate analyses, latent Toxoplasma
infection has been significantly associated with higher PANSS negative
(aOR = 1.1 [1.1-1.1], p = 0.04) and excitement subscores (aOR = 1.3 [1.1-1.6],
p = 0.01), with two specific symptoms (i.e., reference delusion (aOR = 3.6
[1.2-10.6] p = 0.01) and alogia (aOR = 16.7 [2.0-134.7], p = 0.008)) and with
chronic low-grade peripheral inflammation (27.2% vs. 7.6%, aOR = 3.8 [1.4-10.3],
p = 0.004). Extrapyramidal symptoms remained significantly associated with
latent Toxoplasma infection. On the opposite, no significant association of
latent Toxoplasma infection with age, gender, age at SZ onset, suicide behavior
or cognitive deficits has been found in these models (all p > 0.05). TATA were
associated with lower depressive symptoms (aOR = 0.8[0.7-0.9], p = 0.01), and
with lower rates of chronic peripheral inflammation (20.9% vs. 48.6%, aOR = 3.5
[1.5-7.9], p = 0.003) but not with higher cognitive scores (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest that Toxoplasma is almost 3 times more
frequent in SZ population compared to general population in France. The
potential cerebral underpinnings of the association of latent Toxoplasma
infection and the above-mentioned outcomes have been discussed. Future studies
should confirm that TATA may be effective to reduce Toxoplasma-associated
depressive symptoms and low-grade peripheral inflammation.

Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.05.007
PMID: 29843964 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

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