Double-dissociation between the mechanism leading to impulsivity and inattention in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A resting-state functional connectivity study

Masafumi Sanefuji, Michael Craig, Valeria Parlatini, Mitul A. Mehta, Declan G. Murphy, Marco Catani, Leonardo Cerliani, Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
Cortex. 2017-01-01; 86: 290-302
DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.06.005

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1. Cortex. 2017 Jan;86:290-302. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.06.005. Epub 2016 Jun 16.

Double-dissociation between the mechanism leading to impulsivity and inattention
in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A resting-state functional
connectivity study.

Sanefuji M(1), Craig M(2), Parlatini V(1), Mehta MA(3), Murphy DG(1), Catani
M(4), Cerliani L(5), Thiebaut de Schotten M(6).

Author information:
(1)Natbrainlab, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science (FANS),
Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, UK; Sackler Institute of
Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of FANS, Institute of Psychiatry,
King’s College London, UK.
(2)Natbrainlab, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science (FANS),
Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, UK; Sackler Institute of
Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of FANS, Institute of Psychiatry,
King’s College London, UK; National Autism Unit, National Services Directorate,
Bethlam Royal Hospital, SLAM NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
(3)Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London,
UK.
(4)Natbrainlab, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science (FANS),
Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, UK; Sackler Institute of
Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of FANS, Institute of Psychiatry,
King’s College London, UK; Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry,
King’s College London, UK.
(5)Inserm U1127, UPMC-Paris6, UMR_S 975, CNRS UMR 7225, Brain and Spine
Institute, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpetrière, Paris, France; Brain
Connectivity and Behaviour Group, FrontLab, Brain and Spine Institute, Paris,
France.
(6)Natbrainlab, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science (FANS),
Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, UK; Sackler Institute of
Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of FANS, Institute of Psychiatry,
King’s College London, UK; Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry,
King’s College London, UK; Inserm U1127, UPMC-Paris6, UMR_S 975, CNRS UMR 7225,
Brain and Spine Institute, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpetrière, Paris, France;
Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Group, FrontLab, Brain and Spine Institute,
Paris, France. Electronic address: .

Two core symptoms characterize Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
subtypes: inattentiveness and hyperactivity-impulsivity. While previous brain
imaging research investigated ADHD as if it was a homogenous condition, its two
core symptoms may originate from different brain mechanisms. We, therefore,
hypothesized that the functional connectivity of cortico-striatal and attentional
networks would be different between ADHD subtypes. We studied 165 children (mean
age 10.93 years; age range, 7-17 year old) diagnosed as having ADHD based on
their revised Conner’s rating scale score and 170 typical developing individuals
(mean age 11.46 years; age range, 7-17 year old) using resting state functional
fMRI. Groups were matched for age, IQ and head motion during the MRI acquisition.
We fractionated the ADHD group into predominantly inattentive,
hyperactive-impulsive and combined subtypes based on their revised Conner’s
rating scale score. We then analyzed differences in resting state functional
connectivity of the cortico-striatal and attentional networks between these
subtypes. We found a double dissociation of functional connectivity in the
cortico-striatal and ventral attentional networks, reflecting the subtypes of the
ADHD participants. Particularly, the hyperactive-impulsive subtype was associated
with increased connectivity in cortico-striatal network, whereas the inattentive
subtype was associated with increased connectivity in the right ventral attention
network. Our study demonstrated for the first time a right lateralized, double
dissociation between specific networks associated with hyperactivity-impulsivity
and inattentiveness in ADHD children, providing a biological basis for exploring
symptom dimensions and revealing potential targets for more personalized
treatments.

Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.06.005
PMID: 27394716 [Indexed for MEDLINE]

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