Validation of Horne and Ostberg morningness-eveningness questionnaire in a middle-aged population of French workers.
J Biol Rhythms. 2004-02-01; 19(1): 76-86
DOI: 10.1177/0748730403259849
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1. J Biol Rhythms. 2004 Feb;19(1):76-86.
Validation of Horne and Ostberg morningness-eveningness questionnaire in a
middle-aged population of French workers.
Taillard J(1), Philip P, Chastang JF, Bioulac B.
Author information:
(1)Clinique du sommeil, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Bordeaux cedex, France.
As suggested by the authors, the Horne and Ostberg morning/evening questionnaire
(MEQ) has never been adapted to evaluate a nonstudent population. The purpose of
this study was to validate this MEQ in a sample of middle-aged workers by
modifying only the cutoffs. It was administered in 566 non-shift-workers aged
51.2 to 3.2 years who presented no sleep disorders. According to the Home and
Ostberg classification, the sample consisted of 62.1% morning type, 36.6% neither
type, and 2.2% evening type. Multiple correspondence analysis, which determines
the principal components, was performed on all MEQ items. Then an ascending
hierarchical classification was applied to determine 3 clusters from these
principal components. On the basis of these 3 clusters, new cutoffs were
determined: evening types were considered as scoring under 53 and morning types
above 64, thus giving 28.1% morning type, 51.7% neither type, and 20.2% evening
type. As an external validation, eveningness was associated with later bedtime
and waking-up time (more pronounced at the weekend), greater need for sleep,
larger daily sleep debt, greater morning sleepiness, and ease of returning to
sleep in the early morning. A positive correlation between age and morningness
was again found. This study confirms that « owls » are not rare in a middle-aged
sample. We conclude that this adapted MEQ could be useful when investigating
age-related changes in sleep.
DOI: 10.1177/0748730403259849
PMID: 14964706 [Indexed for MEDLINE]