The supramammillary nucleus and the claustrum activate the cortex during REM sleep.
Science Advances. 2015-04-01; 1(3): e1400177-e1400177
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1400177
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1. Sci Adv. 2015 Apr 3;1(3):e1400177. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1400177. eCollection 2015
Apr.
The supramammillary nucleus and the claustrum activate the cortex during REM
sleep.
Renouard L(1), Billwiller F(2), Ogawa K(2), Clément O(2), Camargo N(2),
Abdelkarim M(2), Gay N(2), Scoté-Blachon C(2), Touré R(2), Libourel PA(2),
Ravassard P(2), Salvert D(2), Peyron C(2), Claustrat B(3), Léger L(2), Salin
P(2), Malleret G(2), Fort P(2), Luppi PH(2).
Author information:
(1)UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon
(CRNL), Team « Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle
veille-sommeil, » Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH
Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France. ; College of
Medical Sciences, Washington State University, 412 E. Spokane Falls Boulevard,
PBS230, Spokane, WA 99202, USA.
(2)UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon
(CRNL), Team « Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle
veille-sommeil, » Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH
Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France.
(3)Service de Radioanalyse, Centre de Médecine nucléaire, 59 Boulevard Pinel,
69677 Bron Cedex, France.
Evidence in humans suggests that limbic cortices are more active during rapid eye
movement (REM or paradoxical) sleep than during waking, a phenomenon fitting with
the presence of vivid dreaming during this state. In that context, it seemed
essential to determine which populations of cortical neurons are activated during
REM sleep. Our aim in the present study is to fill this gap by combining gene
expression analysis, functional neuroanatomy, and neurochemical lesions in rats.
We find in rats that, during REM sleep hypersomnia compared to control and REM
sleep deprivation, the dentate gyrus, claustrum, cortical amygdaloid nucleus, and
medial entorhinal and retrosplenial cortices are the only cortical structures
containing neurons with an increased expression of Bdnf, FOS, and ARC, known
markers of activation and/or synaptic plasticity. Further, the dentate gyrus is
the only cortical structure containing more FOS-labeled neurons during REM sleep
hypersomnia than during waking. Combining FOS staining, retrograde labeling, and
neurochemical lesion, we then provide evidence that FOS overexpression occurring
in the cortex during REM sleep hypersomnia is due to projections from the
supramammillary nucleus and the claustrum. Our results strongly suggest that only
a subset of cortical and hippocampal neurons are activated and display plasticity
during REM sleep by means of ascending projections from the claustrum and the
supramammillary nucleus. Our results pave the way for future studies to identify
the function of REM sleep with regard to dreaming and emotional memory
processing.
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1400177
PMCID: PMC4640625
PMID: 26601158