The glymphatic system: Current understanding and modeling
iScience. 2022-09-01; 25(9): 104987
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104987
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https://www.bordeaux-neurocampus.fr/12441
1. iScience. 2022 Aug 20;25(9):104987. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104987.
eCollection 2022 Sep 16.
The glymphatic system: Current understanding and modeling.
Bohr T(1), Hjorth PG(2), Holst SC(3), Hrabětová S(4), Kiviniemi V(5)(6), Lilius
T(7)(8)(9)(10), Lundgaard I(11)(12), Mardal KA(13)(14), Martens EA(15), Mori
Y(9), Nägerl UV(16), Nicholson C(17)(18), Tannenbaum A(19), Thomas JH(20),
Tithof J(21), Benveniste H(22)(23), Iliff JJ(24)(25)(26), Kelley DH(20),
Nedergaard M(9)(27).
Author information:
(1)Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby,
Denmark.
(2)Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University
of Denmark, Richard Petersens Plads, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
(3)Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche
Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel,
Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland.
(4)Department of Cell Biology and The Robert Furchgott Center for Neural and
Behavioral Science, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center,
Brooklyn, NY, USA.
(5)Oulu Functional NeuroImaging, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, MRC, Oulu
University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
(6)Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, the Faculty of Medicine, University
of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
(7)Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki,
Helsinki, Finland.
(8)Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University
of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
(9)Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical
Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
(10)Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Helsinki University Hospital
and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
(11)Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
(12)Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
(13)Department of Mathematics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
(14)Simula Research Laboratory, Department of Numerical Analysis and Scientific
Computing, Oslo, Norway.
(15)Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden.
(16)Instítut Interdisciplinaire de Neurosciences, Université de Bordeaux / CNRS
UMR 5297, Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 146 rue Léo Saignat, CS 61292 Case
130, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex France.
(17)Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman
School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
(18)Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University,
Brooklyn, NY, USA.
(19)Departments of Computer Science/ Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony
Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
(20)Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester,
14627 NY, USA.
(21)Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis,
USA.
(22)Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
(23)Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven,
CT, USA.
(24)VISN 20 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget
Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.
(25)Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
(26)Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine,
Seattle, WA, USA.
(27)Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical
Center, Rochester, 14642 NY, USA.
We review theoretical and numerical models of the glymphatic system, which
circulates cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid around the brain,
facilitating solute transport. Models enable hypothesis development and
predictions of transport, with clinical applications including drug delivery,
stroke, cardiac arrest, and neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s
disease. We sort existing models into broad categories by anatomical function:
Perivascular flow, transport in brain parenchyma, interfaces to perivascular
spaces, efflux routes, and links to neuronal activity. Needs and opportunities
for future work are highlighted wherever possible; new models, expanded models,
and novel experiments to inform models could all have tremendous value for
advancing the field.
© 2022 The Author(s).
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104987
PMCID: PMC9460186
PMID: 36093063
Conflict of interest statement: We declare no conflicts of interest.