[Role of the mTOR pathway in the central regulation of energy balance].
Biologie Aujourd'hui. 2015-01-01; 209(4): 295-307
DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2016009
Lire sur PubMed
1. Biol Aujourdhui. 2015;209(4):295-307. doi: 10.1051/jbio/2016009. Epub 2016 Mar
28.
[Role of the mTOR pathway in the central regulation of energy balance].
[Article in French]
Haissaguerre M(1), Cota D(2).
Author information:
(1)Service Endocrinologie, Hôpital Haut Lévêque, CHU Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac,
France.
(2)INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale,
U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France – Université de Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie,
Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, U1215, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
The pathway of the mammalian (or mechanistic) target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR)
responds to different signals such as nutrients and hormones and regulates many
cellular functions as the synthesis of proteins and lipids, mitochondrial
activity and the organization of the cytoskeleton. At the cellular level, mTOR
forms two distinct complexes: mTORC1 and mTORC2. This review intends to summarize
the various recent advances on the role of these two protein complexes in the
central regulation of energy balance. mTORC1 activity modulates energy balance
and metabolic responses by regulating the activity of neuronal populations, such
as those located in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Recent studies have
shown that activity of the hypothalamic mTORC1 pathway varies according to cell
and stimulus types, and that this signaling cascade regulates food intake and
body weight in response to nutrients, such as leucine, and hormones like leptin,
ghrelin and triiodothyronine. On the other hand, mTORC2 seems to be involved in
the regulation of neuronal morphology and synaptic activity. However, its
function in the central regulation of the energy balance is less known.
Dysregulation of mTORC1 and mTORC2 is described in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the
regulation of energy balance by mTOR may lead to the identification of new
therapeutic targets for the treatment of these metabolic pathologies.
© Société de Biologie, 2016.
DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2016009
PMID: 27021048 [Indexed for MEDLINE]