Resting-state networks in awake five- to eight-year old children
Hum. Brain Mapp.. 2011-04-25; 33(5): 1189-1201
DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21280
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1. Hum Brain Mapp. 2012 May;33(5):1189-201. doi: 10.1002/hbm.21280. Epub 2011 Apr
25.
Resting-state networks in awake five- to eight-year old children.
de Bie HM(1), Boersma M, Adriaanse S, Veltman DJ, Wink AM, Roosendaal SD, Barkhof
F, Stam CJ, Oostrom KJ, Delemarre-van de Waal HA, Sanz-Arigita EJ.
Author information:
(1)Department of Pediatrics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands.
During the first 6-7 years of life children undergo a period of major
neurocognitive development. Higher-order cognitive functions such as executive
control of attention, encoding and retrieving of stored information and
goal-directed behavior are present but less developed compared to older
individuals. There is only very limited information from functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) studies about the level of organization of functional
networks in children in the early school period. In this study we perform
continuous resting-state functional connectivity MRI in 5- to 8-year-old children
in an awake state to identify and characterize resting-state networks (RSNs).
Temporal concatenation independent component analysis (ICA) approach was applied
to analyze the data. We identified 14 components consisting of regions known to
be involved in visual and auditory processing, motor function, attention control,
memory, and the default mode network (DMN). Most networks, in particular those
supporting basic motor function and sensory related processing, had a robust
functional organization similar to mature adult patterns. In contrast, the DMN
and other RSNs involved in higher-order cognitive functions had immature
characteristics, revealing incomplete and fragmented patterns indicating less
developed functional connectivity. We therefore conclude that the DMN and other
RSNs involved in higher order cognitive functioning are detectable, yet in an
immature state, at an age when these cognitive abilities are mastered.
Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21280
PMCID: PMC6870031
PMID: 21520347 [Indexed for MEDLINE]