Recent Advances in the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hypothalamic Neuronal Glucose Detection
Front. Physiol.. 2017-11-14; 8:
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00875
Lire sur PubMed
1. Front Physiol. 2017 Nov 14;8:875. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00875. eCollection
2017.
Recent Advances in the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hypothalamic
Neuronal Glucose Detection.
Fioramonti X(1)(2), Chrétien C(2), Leloup C(2), Pénicaud L(2)(3).
Author information:
(1)NutriNeuro, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de
Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
(2)Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, Centre National de la
Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique,
Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
(3)Stromalab, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de
la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
The hypothalamus have been recognized for decades as one of the major brain
centers for the control of energy homeostasis. This area contains specialized
neurons able to detect changes in nutrients level. Among them, glucose-sensing
neurons use glucose as a signaling molecule in addition to its fueling role. In
this review we will describe the different sub-populations of glucose-sensing
neurons present in the hypothalamus and highlight their nature in terms of
neurotransmitter/neuropeptide expression. This review will particularly discuss
whether pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons from the arcuate nucleus are
directly glucose-sensing. In addition, recent observations in glucose-sensing
suggest a subtle system with different mechanisms involved in the detection of
changes in glucose level and their involvement in specific physiological
functions. Several data point out the critical role of reactive oxygen species
(ROS) and mitochondria dynamics in the detection of increased glucose. This
review will also highlight that ATP-dependent potassium (KATP) channels are not
the only channels mediating glucose-sensing and discuss the new role of
transient receptor potential canonical channels (TRPC). We will discuss the
recent advances in the determination of glucose-sensing machinery and propose
potential line of research needed to further understand the regulation of brain
glucose detection.
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00875
PMCID: PMC5694446
PMID: 29184506