Pathophysiological functions of Rnd proteins.
Small GTPases. 2020-10-15; : 1-22
DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2020.1829914
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Rnd proteins constitute a subfamily of Rho GTPases represented in mammals by
Rnd1, Rnd2 and Rnd3. Despite their GTPase structure, their specific feature is
the inability to hydrolyse GTP-bound nucleotide. This aspect makes them atypical
among Rho GTPases. Rnds are regulated for their expression at the transcriptional
or post-transcriptional levels and they are activated through post-translational
modifications and interactions with other proteins. Rnd proteins are mainly
involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and cell proliferation.
Whereas Rnd3 is ubiquitously expressed, Rnd1 and 2 are tissue-specific.
Increasing data has described their important role during development and
diseases. Herein, we describe their involvement in physiological and pathological
conditions with a focus on the neuronal and vascular systems, and summarize their
implications in tumorigenesis.