Evidence for the absence of a relationship between inflammation and cognition in a cohort of 1565 individuals with bipolar spectrum disorders: a Bayesian analysis of network.
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2026-01-01; 131: 106164
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2025.106164
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https://www.bordeaux-neurocampus.fr/12247
Bastelica T(1), Carré A(2), Lespine LF(3), Boukouaci W(4), Wu CL(4), Agnes P(4),
Etain B(5), Bellivier F(5), Aouizerate B(6), Martinez P(7), Dubertret C(8),
Haffen E(9), Olié E(10), Roux P(11), Polosan M(12), Schwan R(13), Samalin L(14),
Llorca PM(14), Bouaziz N(15), Antoine L(16), Tamouza R(4), d’Amato T(3), Leboyer
M(4), Godin O(4), Rey R(3); FondaMental Advanced Center of Expertise for Bipolar
Disorders (FACE-BD) collaborators.
Author information:
(1)Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon 1
University, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from
Resistance to Response Team, Lyon, France. Electronic address:
.
(2)Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LIP/PC2S, Chambéry, France.
(3)Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon 1
University, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from
Resistance to Response Team, Lyon, France.
(4)Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC),
INSERM, IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires H.
Mondor, DMU IMPACT, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision
en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), Fondation FondaMental, F-94010 Créteil, France.
(5)Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; Université Paris Cité, AP-HP, GH
Saint-Louis-Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Pôle Neurosciences, and INSERM UMRS 1144
Therapeutic Optimization in Neuropharmacology Paris, France.
(6)Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens,
Pôle de Psychiatrie Générale et Universitaire, Laboratoire NutriNeuro (UMR INRAE
1286), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
(7)Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; Pôle de Psychiatrie, Centre
Hospitalier Princesse Grace, Monaco.
(8)Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; Université de Paris, INSERM UMR1266,
AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire AP-HP Nord, DMU ESPRIT, service de
Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France.
(9)Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; Université Marie et Louis Pasteur,
INSERM, UMR 1322 LINC, CIC-1431 INSERM et service de Psychiatrie de l’adulte,
CHU de Besançon F-25000 Besançon, France.
(10)Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; Department of Emergency Psychiatry
and Acute Care, CHU Montpellier, IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM,
Montpellier, France.
(11)Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de
psychiatrie d’adulte et d’addictologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, INSERM
UMR1018, DisAP-Moods-CESP, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines –
Université Paris-Saclay, France.
(12)Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216,
Grenoble Institut de Neurosciences, CHU de Grenoble F-38000 Grenoble, France.
(13)Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; Université de Lorraine, Inserm U
1114, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie d’Adultes et d’Addictologie
CPN Laxou, France.
(14)Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Department of
Psychiatry, University of Clermont Auvergne, UMR 6602 Institut Pascal (IP),
Clermont-Ferrand, France.
(15)Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; Département de recherche clinique,
pôle universitaire 93G03, EPS Ville Evrard Neuilly sur Marne, Université
Sorbonne Paris-Nord, Neuilly-sur Marne, France.
(16)Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France; Pôle de Psychiatrie, Assistance
Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France; Institut de Neurosciences de
la Timone, Aix-Marseille Univ, UMR CNRS, France.
Previous studies have reported variable associations between peripheral
inflammatory markers and cognitive functioning in individuals with bipolar
spectrum disorders (BSD), with some identifying significant links and others
finding no relationship. Such inconsistencies raise important questions about
the role of inflammation in cognitive impairment among individuals with BSD.
This study aims to investigate the relationship between peripheral inflammatory
markers and cognitive function in a clinical sample of individuals with BSD
using a Bayesian network analysis framework. We analyzed data from a large
cohort (n = 1565) focusing on hsCRP and a subsample (n = 249) that included
concurrent assessments of additional cytokines including Interleukin-6 and Tumor
Necrosis Factor-alpha. A Bayesian approach was utilized to quantify uncertainty
regarding the presence or absence of associations between inflammation and
cognitive function. Our findings revealed no significant associations between
inflammatory markers and cognitive performance in both samples. Strong evidence
was found supporting the absence of association, with network analysis
indicating distinct clusters for cognitive and inflammatory variables,
suggesting they function as independent constructs with limited interactions. In
our clinical sample of individuals with BSD, our findings do not support a
direct association between some inflammatory markers and cognition, aligning
with studies that found minimal or no associations. Our study emphasizes the
importance of utilizing Bayesian methods to assess these relationships
rigorously and suggests further exploration of individual differences and
subgroup effects in future research.
Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Inc.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2025.106164
PMID: 41197681
Conflict of interest statement: Declaration of competing interest The authors
declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal
relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this
paper.