Translational models of stress and resilience: An applied neuroscience methodology review
Neuroscience Applied. 2024-01-01; 3: 104064
DOI: 10.1016/j.nsa.2024.104064
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https://www.bordeaux-neurocampus.fr/11881
Albayrak ZS(1)(2), Vaz A(3)(4)(5), Bordes J(6), Ünlü S(7), Sep MSC(8)(9)(10)(11), Vinkers CH(12)(13)(14), Pinto L(3)(4)(5), Yapici-Eser H(2)(15).
Author information:
(1)Koç University Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,
Istanbul, Turkey.
(2)Koç University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Neuroscience PhD Program,
Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.
(3)Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine,
University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
(4)ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
(5)Bn’ML, Behavioral and Molecular Lab, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga,
Portugal.
(6)Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
(7)Koç University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
(8)Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location Vrije
Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
(9)GGZ InGeest Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
(10)Amsterdam Neuroscience, Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Sleep & Stress Program,
Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
(11)Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health Program, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
(12)Department of Psychiatry and Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences,
Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
(13)Academic Working Place Depression, GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
(14)Amsterdam Neuroscience (Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep Program)
and Amsterdam Public Health (Mental Health Program) Research Institutes,
Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
(15)Koç University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, İstanbul,
Turkey.
Stress, encompassing psychological, physical, and physiological challenges, is
an important factor affecting an individual’s well-being and potentially leading
to psychiatric, neurodegenerative, immune, and metabolic disorders. However, not
everyone exposed to stress develops these conditions, highlighting the concept
of resilience. Resilience is a dynamic process categorized into four dimensions:
pre-existing resilience capacity, ongoing resilience processes, post-stress
resilience outcomes, and recovery from psychopathologies. These dimensions
involve genomic, cellular, and systemic interactions influenced by genetic
factors, early life experiences, adult life experiences in addition to
community/environmental factors, and health behaviors. The biological response
to stress encompasses endocrine, autonomic, immunological, and behavioral
components, modulated by stressor characteristics and individual traits. Due to
the limitations in studying stress and resilience in humans, translational
models using rodents and cell cultures are essential. Rodent models include
acute, chronic, and traumatic stress paradigms, aiding the study of
stress-related behavioral and molecular outcomes. Additionally, early life
stress models, such as prenatal stress and maternal separation, provide insights
into developmental impacts. In this review, first, rodent models for lifelong
stress exposure will be summarized considering their validity, advantages, and
limitations. Subsequently, an overview of models designed to enhance resilience
capacity and process in rodents, and later the behavioral models employed to
study the outcomes of resilience will be given. Lastly, the focus will be
shifted to cell culture and iPSCs models. Finally, future considerations focused
on improving translational models used to study stress and resilience will be
discussed. It is aimed to provide an overview of designs for translational
stress and resilience models to access more effective translational biomarkers
associated with stress and resilience. Stress and resilience are complex
phenomena influenced by various factors, spanning molecular to behavioral
levels. Integrating data across dimensions remains crucial for unraveling the
complexities of stress-related disorders and resilience.
© 2024 The Authors.
DOI: 10.1016/j.nsa.2024.104064
PMCID: PMC12244083
PMID: 40656062
Conflict of interest statement: Authors have no declaration of interest.