Comparative Cytotoxicity of Low- and High-Osmolar Contrast Media to Human Fibroblasts and Rat Mesangial Cells in Culture

MYLÈNE POTIER, ISABELLE LAGROYE, BADRE LAKHDAR, JEAN CAMBAR, JEAN-MARC IDEE
INVESTIGATIVE RADIOLOGY. 1997-10-01; 32(10): 621-626
DOI: 10.1097/00004424-199710000-00007

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1. Invest Radiol. 1997 Oct;32(10):621-6. doi: 10.1097/00004424-199710000-00007.

Comparative cytotoxicity of low- and high-osmolar contrast media to human
fibroblasts and rat mesangial cells in culture.

Potier M(1), Lagroye I, Lakhdar B, Cambar J, Idee JM.

Author information:
(1)Groupe d’Etude de Physiologie et Physiopathologie Rénales, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Bordeaux, France.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The authors investigate the relative sensitivity of
rat mesangial cells to iodinated contrast media (CM) and control solutions
versus less differentiated cells (ie, human fibroblasts) and compare the effects
of low-osmolar ionic (ioxaglate) and nonionic (iopamidol) and high-osmolar ionic
(diatrizoate) CM on rat mesangial cells.
METHODS: The cytotoxic effects of ioxaglate and control solutions of sodium
chloride and mannitol were assessed by neutral red uptake in isolated rat
mesangial cells and human fibroblasts. In a second series of studies, the
cytotoxic effects of ioxaglate, iopamidol, and diatrizoate (0 to 100 mg I/mL) on
rat mesangial cells were compared.
RESULTS: Rat mesangial cells were more sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of
ioxaglate than the less differentiated human fibroblasts between 70 and 100 mg
I/mL. A similar discrepancy was observed in the case of control solutions,
sodium chloride, and mannitol. Ioxaglate and iopamidol induced a similar level
of cytotoxicity in rat mesangial cells whereas the high-osmolar agent
diatrizoate was significantly more cytotoxic. However, the calculated inhibitory
concentrations of 50% of all three CM were associated with similar osmolalities,
suggesting a major role for this parameter in the case of such media.
CONCLUSIONS: Rat mesangial cells are more sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of
CM and hyperosmolar solutions than the less differentiated human fibroblasts.
High-osmolar CM are more cytotoxic than ionic and nonionic low-osmolar CM to rat
mesangial cells. Ionicity seems to play no deleterious role at similar iodine
concentrations because ioxaglate and iopamidol had equivalent cytotoxic effects
on mesangial cells.