Psychotropics and the Microbiome: a Chamber of Secrets…
Psychopharmacology. 2019-02-26; 236(5): 1411-1432
DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-5185-8
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1. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2019 May;236(5):1411-1432. doi:
10.1007/s00213-019-5185-8. Epub 2019 Feb 26.
Psychotropics and the Microbiome: a Chamber of Secrets….
Cussotto S(1)(2), Clarke G(1)(3), Dinan TG(1)(3), Cryan JF(4)(5).
Author information:
(1)APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
(2)Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Room 3.86,
Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland.
(3)Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College
Cork, Cork, Ireland.
(4)APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
.
(5)Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Room 3.86,
Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland. .
The human gut contains trillions of symbiotic bacteria that play a key role in
programming different aspects of host physiology in health and disease.
Psychotropic medications act on the central nervous system (CNS) and are used in
the treatment of various psychiatric disorders. There is increasing emphasis on
the bidirectional interaction between drugs and the gut microbiome. An expanding
body of evidence supports the notion that microbes can metabolise drugs and vice
versa drugs can modify the gut microbiota composition. In this review, we will
first give a comprehensive introduction about this bidirectional interaction,
then we will take into consideration different classes of psychotropics
including antipsychotics, antidepressants, antianxiety drugs,
anticonvulsants/mood stabilisers, opioid analgesics, drugs of abuse, alcohol,
nicotine and xanthines. The varying effects of these widely used medications on
microorganisms are becoming apparent from in vivo and in vitro studies. This has
important implications for the future of psychopharmacology pipelines that will
routinely need to consider the host microbiome during drug discovery and
development.
DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-5185-8
PMCID: PMC6598948
PMID: 30806744 [Indexed for MEDLINE]
Conflict of interest statement: JFC and TGD have research funding from Mead
Johnson Nutrition, Cremo, Dupont, Suntory Wellness, Danone-Nutricia and 4D
Pharma; JFC, TGD and GC have spoken at meetings sponsored by food and
pharmaceutical companies; SC reports no financial interests or potential
conflicts of interest.