Differential effects of psychotropic drugs on microbiome composition and gastrointestinal function
Psychopharmacology. 2018-08-28; 236(5): 1671-1685
DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5006-5
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1. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2019 May;236(5):1671-1685. doi:
10.1007/s00213-018-5006-5. Epub 2018 Aug 28.
Differential effects of psychotropic drugs on microbiome composition and
gastrointestinal function.
Cussotto S(1)(2), Strain CR(1)(3), Fouhy F(1)(3), Strain RG(1)(3), Peterson
VL(1)(2), Clarke G(1)(4), Stanton C(1)(3)(4), Dinan TG(5)(6), Cryan JF(7)(8).
Author information:
(1)APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
(2)Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Room 3.86,
Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland.
(3)Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland.
(4)Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College
Cork, Cork, Ireland.
(5)APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
.
(6)Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College
Cork, Cork, Ireland. .
(7)APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
.
(8)Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Room 3.86,
Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland. .
RATIONALE: Growing evidence supports a role for the microbiota in regulating
gut-brain interactions and, thus, psychiatric disorders. Despite substantial
scientific efforts to delineate the mechanism of action of psychotropic
medications at a central nervous system (CNS) level, there remains a critical
lack of understanding on how these drugs might affect the microbiota and gut
physiology.
OBJECTIVES: We investigated the antimicrobial activity of psychotropics against
two bacterial strain residents in the human gut, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and
Escherichia coli. In addition, we examined the impact of chronic treatment with
these drugs on microbiota and intestinal parameters in the rat.
RESULTS: In vitro fluoxetine and escitalopram showed differential antimicrobial
effects. Lithium, valproate and aripiprazole administration significantly
increased microbial species richness and diversity, while the other treatments
were not significantly different from controls. At the genus level, several
species belonging to Clostridium, Peptoclostridium, Intestinibacter and
Christenellaceae were increased following treatment with lithium, valproate and
aripiprazole when compared to the control group. Animals treated with
escitalopram, venlafaxine, fluoxetine and aripiprazole exhibited an increased
permeability in the ileum.
CONCLUSIONS: These data show that psychotropic medications differentially
influence the composition of gut microbiota in vivo and that fluoxetine and
escitalopram have specific antimicrobial activity in vitro. Interestingly, drugs
that significantly altered gut microbial composition did not increase intestinal
permeability, suggesting that the two factors are not causally linked. Overall,
unravelling the impact of psychotropics on gastrointestinal and microbiota
measures offers the potential to provide critical insight into the mechanism of
action and side effects of these medications.
DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5006-5
PMID: 30155748 [Indexed for MEDLINE]