{"id":18265,"date":"2018-03-02T18:06:09","date_gmt":"2018-03-02T17:06:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/neurodev-ng.u-bordeaux.fr\/getting-out-of-the-shadow-extracellular-brain-spaces-unveiled\/"},"modified":"2018-03-20T17:42:21","modified_gmt":"2018-03-20T16:42:21","slug":"getting-out-of-the-shadow-extracellular-brain-spaces-unveiled","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bordeaux-neurocampus.fr\/en\/getting-out-of-the-shadow-extracellular-brain-spaces-unveiled\/","title":{"rendered":"Getting out of the Shadow: Extracellular Brain Spaces Unveiled"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cell.com\/cell\/fulltext\/S0092-8674(18)30151-X\">Super-resolution imaging of the extracellular space in living brain tissue.\u00a0<\/a>Tonnesen J, VVGK Inavalli and N\u00e4gerl UV.\u00a0\u00a0Cell. 2018 Feb 22;172(5):1108-1121.e15. doi: 10.1016\/j.cell.2018.02.007.<\/p>\n<p>Prof. U. Valentin N\u00e4gerl, PhD\u00a0Institut Interdisciplinaire de Neurosciences (IINS)\u00a0CNRS UMR 5297 \/ Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux \/\u00a0Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine \/ Bordeaux Neurocampus \/ Email\u00a0: valentin.nagerl@u-bordeaux.fr<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span title=\"L'espace extracellulaire (ECS) du cerveau fournit la sc\u00e8ne physique et la plate-forme de signalisation o\u00f9 les neurones et cellules gliales jouent de concert.\">The extracellular space (ECS) of the brain provides the physical scene and the signaling platform where neurons and glial cells play in concert. <\/span><span title=\"Alors que l'ECS occupe un cinqui\u00e8me du volume c\u00e9r\u00e9bral, sa topologie est incroyablement complexe et miniaturis\u00e9e, d\u00e9fiant les approches d'investigation traditionnelles.\">While ECS occupies one fifth of brain volume, its topology is incredibly complex and miniaturized, challenging traditional investigative approaches. <\/span><span title=\"L'\u00e9quipe de Valentin N\u00e4gerl de l'Institut Interdisciplinaire de Neurosciences \u00e0 Bordeaux a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une m\u00e9thode bas\u00e9e sur la microscopie \u00e0 super-r\u00e9solution pour visualiser l'ECS dans le tissu c\u00e9r\u00e9bral vivant et ainsi d\u00e9voiler l'une des plus importantes \u00e9nigmes et fronti\u00e8res de\">The team of Valentin N\u00e4gerl of the Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience in Bordeaux has developed a method based on super-resolution microscopy to visualize the ECS in living brain tissue and thus unveil one of the most important puzzles and borders of <\/span><span title=\"la neuroscience.\">neuroscience. <\/span><span title=\"Cette \u00e9tude a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e le 22 f\u00e9vrier 2018 dans la revue Cell. \">This study was published February 22, 2018 in the journal Cell<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/AZDTkP8INeo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/tbmCPYK5svw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"\">Valentin N\u00e4gerl&#8217;s team has developed a revolutionary method to visualize living brain tissue in a panoramic but detailed manner.<\/span><\/span><\/strong> <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span title=\"La technique permet pour la premi\u00e8re fois non seulement de voir les cellules c\u00e9r\u00e9brales individuelles et leurs r\u00e9seaux complexes, mais aussi de r\u00e9v\u00e9ler tout le contexte anatomique environnant.\">The technique allows for the first time not only to see individual brain cells and their complex networks, but also to reveal the entire surrounding anatomical context. <\/span><span title=\"C'est comme \u00eatre capable de voir les feuilles, les arbres et la for\u00eat en m\u00eame temps.\">It&#8217;s like being able to see leaves, trees and the forest at the same time. <\/span><span title=\"M\u00eame si de nombreuses techniques diff\u00e9rentes de bio-imagerie existent d\u00e9j\u00e0, elles ont toutes de s\u00e9rieuses limites: la microscopie optique r\u00e9guli\u00e8re ne visualise g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement que quelques cellules individuelles et n'a pas une r\u00e9solution spatiale suffisante pour voir leurs d\u00e9tails structuraux, alors que la microscopie\">Although many different bioimaging techniques already exist, they all have serious limitations: regular optical microscopy usually only visualizes a few individual cells and does not have sufficient spatial resolution to see their structural details, while microscopy <\/span><span title=\"\u00e9lectronique ne peut s'appliquer qu'\u00e0 un tissu c\u00e9r\u00e9bral fix\u00e9 c'est-\u00e0-dire mort.\">electronics can only apply to fixed brain tissue, that is, death. <\/span><span title=\"En revanche, la nouvelle approche peut prendre des images extr\u00eamement pr\u00e9cises de l'architecture anatomique compl\u00e8te de toutes les cellules en m\u00eame temps dans le tissu c\u00e9r\u00e9bral vivant.\">In contrast, the new approach can take extremely accurate images of the complete anatomical architecture of all cells at the same time in living brain tissue. <\/span><span title=\"Les chercheurs ont r\u00e9ussi cet exploit en ajoutant un colorant fluorescent dans le liquide du tissu c\u00e9r\u00e9bral, rendant toutes les cellules visibles comme silhouettes (ce colorant restant \u00e0 l'ext\u00e9rieur des cellules).\">The researchers achieved this feat by adding a fluorescent dye to the brain tissue fluid, making all cells visible as silhouettes (this dye remaining outside the cells).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\">For this simple concept to work, the researchers had to build an advanced super-resolution optical microscope, so that the images had sufficient contrast and spatial resolution. Because cells look like shadows in a shining sea, the new technique is called super-resolution shadow imaging (SUSHI).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\">SUSHI not only visualizes the anatomical organization of living brain tissue with spatial resolution at the nanoscale, but at the same time allows us to see the small spaces that separate all brain cells from one another, which are collectively called &#8220;space&#8221;. <span class=\"\">extracellular brain &#8220;.<\/span> <span class=\"\">This space is considered very important for neural communication and cerebral homeostasis, but it has never been imagined directly before because it is so compact and convoluted.<\/span> <span class=\"\">The SUSHI technique will allow researchers to map this unexplored space and examine it in animal models of brain diseases, such as stroke, epilepsy and Alzheimer&#8217;s disease, where the extracellular space of the brain is<\/span> <span class=\"\">likely to be affected.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\">In addition, the extracellular labeling strategy greatly mitigates the photo-bleaching and photo-toxicity problems associated with traditional imaging approaches. <span class=\"\">As a direct variant of STED microscopy, the SUSHI method allows the study of the structure and dynamics of ECS and neuropile in a living brain.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<dl>\n<dt><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bordeaux-neurocampus.fr\/_contents-images\/ametys-internal%253Asites\/neurosciences\/ametys-internal%253Acontents\/cell-v-nagerl-actualite\/_metadata\/content\/_data\/Schem1VN.jpg_346x718\" alt=\"\" width=\"718\" height=\"346\" \/><\/dt>\n<dd>Figure : <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\">Super-resolution shadow imaging (SUSHI) makes all brain cells visible &#8220;all at once&#8221;. <span class=\"\">The image on the left shows an overview of the neurons of the hippocampus, which is the archetypal center of mammalian brain memory.<\/span> <span class=\"\">At the top zoom and after the color inversion, the image on the right reveals the entanglement of brain tissue with a spatial resolution at the nanoscale.<\/span> <span class=\"\">The green neuron has been labeled with a fluorescent protein and thus stands out from the rest of the inversely labeled tissue.<\/span><\/span><\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"mailto:valentin.nagerl@u-bordeaux.fr\">Prof. U. Valentin N\u00e4gerl<\/a>, PhD Institut Interdisciplinaire de Neurosciences (IINS) CNRS UMR 5297 \/ Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Super-resolution imaging of the extracellular space in living brain tissue.\u00a0Tonnesen J, VVGK Inavalli and N\u00e4gerl UV.\u00a0\u00a0Cell. 2018 Feb 22;172(5):1108-1121.e15. doi: 10.1016\/j.cell.2018.02.007. Prof. U. Valentin N\u00e4gerl, PhD\u00a0Institut Interdisciplinaire de Neurosciences (IINS)\u00a0CNRS UMR 5297 \/ Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux \/\u00a0Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine \/ Bordeaux Neurocampus \/ Email\u00a0: valentin.nagerl@u-bordeaux.fr The extracellular space (ECS) of the brain provides the physical&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":107,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[71],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18265","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-highlight-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bordeaux-neurocampus.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18265","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bordeaux-neurocampus.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bordeaux-neurocampus.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bordeaux-neurocampus.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/107"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bordeaux-neurocampus.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18265"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.bordeaux-neurocampus.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18265\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bordeaux-neurocampus.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18265"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bordeaux-neurocampus.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18265"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bordeaux-neurocampus.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18265"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}