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DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Paris:20211217T093000
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CREATED:20210909T114857Z
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UID:138236-1639733400-1639733400@www.bordeaux-neurocampus.fr
SUMMARY:Thesis defense - Eloïse Colnot
DESCRIPTION:\n	\n		\n			Defense in french \nVenue : Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine \n\nTitle\nEffect of chronic prenatal exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the development and operation of the respiratory centers in newborn mice. \nSummary\nFor the past two decades\, nanotechnology has represented one of the greatest technological advances in many areas of human activity. The nanomaterials are used because of their remarkable physicochemical properties at the nanometric scale. In this context\, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are one of the nanomaterials most often found in everyday consumer products (clothes\, paints\, drugs\, food products\, cosmetics). But due to their nanometric size\, TiO2 NPs can easily cross different biological barriers (such as the placental barrier and the blood-brain barrier) and can potentially be responsible for adverse health effects. Very recently\, the materno-fetal transfer (or vertical transmission) of TiO2 NPs has clearly been observed in humans. My doctoral work was therefore to develop a study model making it possible to understand the neurotoxicity of these NPs in newborn animals following chronic maternal exposure during gestation. Combining in vivo (whole body plethysmography) and ex vivo approaches (extracellular and unit electrophysiological recordings on reduced central nervous system preparations) in mice\, I showed during my thesis that chronic exposure to TiO2 NPs during gestation\, already known to induce cognitive and behavioral deficits in the offspring\, also impaired in newborns vital motor functions such as respiration (abnormally high ventilatory rate\, changes in electrophysiological characteristics of neurons belonging to the respiratory centers\, deficient ventilatory activity in response to environmental stimuli). All of the data presented in this manuscript falls within the framework of the potential fetotoxicity of nanoparticles and the health problems posed by these chemical risks for the unborn child. \nKey words: nanoparticles\, titanium dioxide\, respiration\, central nervous system\, perinatal vulnerability\, neurotoxicity \n\n\n\n\n\nJury\n\nMme Anne BENCSIK\, Directrice de recherche\, Rapporteur\nM. Alain GARRIGOU\, Professeur\, Examinateur\nM. Christian GESTREAU\, Maitre de conférences\, HDR \,Rapporteur\nM. Laurent GRÉLOT\, Professeur\, Examinateur\nM. Didier MORIN\, Professeur \,  Directeur de thèse\nMme Muriel THOBY-BRISSON\, Directrice de recherche\, Membre invité\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n		\n	\n\n	\n		\n			 \nINCIA. \nThesis supervisor: Didier Morin \n\n		\n	\n\n
URL:https://www.bordeaux-neurocampus.fr/en/event/thesis-defense-eloise-colnot/
CATEGORIES:Thesis
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DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Paris:20211217T140000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Paris:20211217T140000
DTSTAMP:20260424T224645
CREATED:20211012T124931Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20211116T201704Z
UID:139838-1639749600-1639749600@www.bordeaux-neurocampus.fr
SUMMARY:Thesis defense - Camille Monchaux de Oliveira
DESCRIPTION:\n	\n		\n			Venue: Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine \nLanguage : in french \n\nDepressive disorders are a major public health concern and display a rising prevalence worldwide. This effect can be explained by the increasing rate of individuals not responding to conventional antidepressant (ADs) treatments\, but also by the rise of chronic conditions\, often associated with low-grade inflammation and known to be associated with an increased risk of neuropsychiatric comorbidities. Moreover\, a large proportion of depressed patients develop highly disabling side effects. These issues highlight the need to identify alternative strategies to current pharmaceutical treatments and the use of nutritional interventions may be a first-choice solution. Indeed\, some nutrients and plant extracts have bioactive properties and can modulate many neurobiological systems\, including those involved in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders\, while reducing side effects. In that context\, saffron therefore represents a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of depressive disorders. Indeed\, clinical and preclinical studies already reported improved depressive symptomatology after administration of saffron active compounds\, although the mechanisms underlying these beneficial properties are still largely unknown. Better understanding those mechanisms is however essential in order to validate the therapeutic relevance of nutritional interventions with saffron extracts. In addition\, it is important to identify the individuals who may be most likely to benefit from those interventions. Patients with a poor therapeutic response to conventional ADs may thus be the first concerned. Recent data suggest the involvement of inflammatory processes not only in the development of depressive disorders\, but also in the poor response to ADs. Therefore\, targeting inflammation appears to be a promising strategy to improve clinical response. Interestingly\, several studies have demonstrated the immunomodulatory properties of saffron\, suggesting that it may be particularly relevant to improve the therapeutic response in depressed patients with an inflammatory profile. In that context\, the general objective of this thesis was therefore to clarify the role of nutritional interventions based on saffron supplementation in the management of depressive disorders and to determine the underlying mechanisms. For this purpose\, we first demonstrated the beneficial effects of saffron on depressive-like behaviors\, particularly in conditions modeling various risk factors for depression\, such as stress. The neurobiological results suggest that it may act by particularly targeting central monoaminergic systems and the kynurenine pathway. In a second step\, we validated an experimental strategy using two murine models of depression with different pathophysiological mechanisms\, particularly regarding inflammatory processes\, thus enabling to study their involvement in the development and treatment of depressive disorders. In conclusion\, this thesis work allowed to establish preclinical evidence of the efficacy of a saffron extract in the management of depressive disorders and to start elucidating the underlying mechanisms. It also allowed to validate an experimental approach adapted to the in-depth study of the mechanisms underlying inflammatory depression and which should in turn help to better characterize the populations likely to benefit from nutritional approaches\, as a replacement for or complement to pharmaceutical treatments\, on the basis of their clinical profile. Taken together\, this work should therefore contribute to improve the management and treatment of depressive disorders. \nKey words: Depressive disorders\, nutritional interventions\, neurobiological systems\, saffron\, therapeutic response\, inflammation\, monoaminergic systems\, kynurenine pathway \nPublication\nSaffron Extract-Induced Improvement of Depressive-Like Behavior in Mice Is Associated with Modulation of Monoaminergic Neurotransmission.\nMonchaux De Oliveira C\, Pourtau L\, Vancassel S\, Pouchieu C\, Capuron L\, Gaudout D\, Castanon N. Nutrients. 2021  doi: 10.3390/nu13030904. \nJury\nPr Bruno AOUIZERATE\, PU-PH\, Université de Bordeaux\,   Président  \nDr David VAUZOUR\, Chargé de Recherche\, University of East Anglia\, Norwich\,  Rapporteur \nDr Sylvie RABOT\, Chargée de Recherche\, Université Paris-Saclay\,  Rapporteur \nPr Emmanuel HAFFEN\, PU-PH\, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté\, Examinateur \nDr Joelle CHABRY\, Directrice de Recherche\, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis\, Examinateur \nDr Lucile CAPURON\, Directrice de Recherche\, Université de Bordeaux\, Membre invitée \nDr Line POURTAU\, Chef de Projet Neurosciences et Nutrition\, Activ’Inside\,  Membre invitée        \nDr Nathalie CASTANON\, Chargée de Recherche\, Université de Bordeaux\, Directrice de thèse \n\n\n		\n	\n\n	\n		\n			 \nCamille Monchaux\nNutriNeuro \nThesis supervisor : Nathalie Castanon \n\n		\n	\n\n
URL:https://www.bordeaux-neurocampus.fr/en/event/soutenance-de-these-camille-monchaux-de-oliveira/
CATEGORIES:Thesis
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