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X-WR-CALDESC:Events for Bordeaux Neurocampus
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DTSTART:20190331T010000
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DTSTART:20191027T010000
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DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Paris:20191219T133000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Paris:20191219T170000
DTSTAMP:20260423T005118
CREATED:20191114T160331Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20191114T162900Z
UID:112922-1576762200-1576774800@www.bordeaux-neurocampus.fr
SUMMARY:Thesis defense - Salma Tannous
DESCRIPTION:Venue : salle Module 1.2 \nThesis defended in french \n\nSalma Tannous\nINCIA \nThesis supervisor: Stéphanie Caillé-Garnier \n\nAbstract\nTobacco products are highly addictive and their abuse is a major public health problem. In humans\, this addiction constitutes an oral consummatory experience involving sensory gustatory and olfactory components. Nowadays\, the role of these components is further amplified with the increasing use of new “heat not burn” tobacco products\, electronic nicotine delivery device (e-cigarettes especially)\, where nicotine is associated with additives including flavours and sugars. Thus\, the impact of additives on the behaviour of nicotine consumption must be assessed. \nIn this research work\, we are interested in oral nicotine and the bidirectional interaction with the associated flavours. In particular\, we question the secondary reinforcing properties\, the effects of aromas on the palatability of nicotine and its affective coding. \nIt has been shown that non-pharmacological sensory stimuli become more salient when associated with nicotine. Here\, we study the putative secondary reinforcement of oral stimuli by nicotine. We highlight the need for oral nicotine to be combined with additives that mask its bitter taste\, to allow its volitional consumption and to be able to model the different stages of the addictive process. This process is sensitive to stimuli for consumption and reinstatement\, but is unaffected by pharmacological challenges despite nicotine absorption measured by the dosage of plasma cotinine. High concentrations of nicotine solutions reveal its aversive properties and reduce oral self-administration in mice. Although we do not show the reinforcement of the incentive properties of vanilla by nicotine\, we surprisingly show that the aroma itself can reinforce self-administration behaviour. \nIn a second chapter\, we investigated the irritating properties of nicotine in a model of oral self-administration in mice genetically modified (knockout) for the thermoreceptor TRPV1 (Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1) because it is involved in harshness and it is sensitized by nicotine. We highlight that the absence of this receptor promotes nicotine consumption by reducing its oral aversion. It does not\, however\, have a specific role in motivation and relapse mechanisms. \nFinally\, because of the importance of the oral sensory effects in nicotine consummatory behavior\, we studied its palatability properties. Taste reactivity tests show the aversive taste of nicotine alone and the enhancement of its palatability by the addition of aromatic additive. However this change in palatability did not result in changes in the neuronal coding\, measured by the labelling of c-Fos protein in brain structures contributing to the expression of the positive and negative valence\, notably the nucleus accumbens\, the gustatory insular cortex\, the basolateral amygdala\, the habenula and the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus. On the other hand\, nicotine\, flavoured or not\, increased neuronal activity in all these structures. \nAltogether\, these results highlight the importance of nicotine association with flavour additives that can modulate its sensory perception and subsequently promote its consumption. The attractiveness of new tobacco products and their abuse potential is a public health problem that needs urgent study and regulation. \nKeywords: nicotine\, oral self-administration\, palatability\, addiction\, flavours\, e-cig\, sensory stimuli \nJury:\nDr. FERREIRA\, Guillaume    Président du Jury \nDr. MOULY\, Anne-Marie       Rapporteur \nDr. SOLINAS\, Marcello         Rapporteur \nDr. BEYELER\, Anna              Examinateur \nPr. NAASSILA\, Mickaël        Examinateur \n
URL:https://www.bordeaux-neurocampus.fr/en/event/supervisrothesis-defense-salma-tannous/
CATEGORIES:Thesis
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Paris:20191219T140000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Paris:20191219T160000
DTSTAMP:20260423T005118
CREATED:20191216T092625Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20191216T093935Z
UID:113914-1576764000-1576771200@www.bordeaux-neurocampus.fr
SUMMARY:Thesis defense - Laura Puygrenier
DESCRIPTION:Venue: Centre Broca Nouvelle-Aquitaine \nThesis supervisor: Romuald NARGEOT (INCIA) \nTitle : Contribution of a pacemaker neuronal activity to the expression and adaptation of a motivated behavior in Aplysia  \nAbstract\nThe expression of motivated behaviors\, such as feeding or sexual acts\, depends in part on the autonomous and variable functioning of the central nervous system\, which selects and emits motor acts independently of sensory triggers. Sensory stimuli\, such as rewards\, help to adapt these central processes through learning. This thesis analyses the elementary neuronal mechanisms that are responsible for the spontaneous impulse for food-searching behavior and its adaptation by operant conditioning\, a learning paradigm. The work was carried out in Aplysia\, a simple animal model whose neural networks responsible for the spontaneous emission of the buccal motor pattern are identified. In isolated nervous preparations\, it was shown that a spontaneous oscillation of the membrane potential in an identified decision-making neuron (B63) underlay the autonomous and variable emission of this motor pattern. This pacemaker oscillation depended on intracellular calcium dynamics and was differently modulated by serotonin and dopamine\, two essential transmitters in the motivation and learning processes. Operant conditioning that regulated the motor pattern and increased the frequency of the motor pattern genesis did not modify this oscillation but changed the excitability and intrinsic membrane properties of the neuron. In conclusion\, this work shows the contribution of a new calcium-dependent pacemaker property in a decision-making process that organizes the emission of a motivated behavior and its regulation by learning. \nKey words: motivated behavior; decision-making; learning; neural network; pacemaker; neuromodulation; monoamines \nPublications\nRomuald Nargeot et Laura Puygrenier 2019. Operant Learning in Invertebrates   Reference module in Life Sciences (chapitre de livre) \nCabanas M\, Pistono C\, Puygrenier L\, Rakesh D\, Jeantet Y\, Garret M\, Cho YH 2019. Neurophysiological and Behavioral Effects of Anti-Orexinergic Treatments in a Mouse Model of Huntington’s Disease   Neurotherapeutics \, volume 16 pages 1-13 (Article) \nJury\nPrésident : Valérie FENELON\nRapporteur : Olivier PIERREFICHE\nRapporteur : Jean-Christophe SANDOZ\nExaminateur : Catherine ARMENGAUD\nDirecteur de thèse : Romuald NARGEOT \n
URL:https://www.bordeaux-neurocampus.fr/en/event/soutenance-de-these-laura-puygrenier/
CATEGORIES:Thesis
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