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DTSTART:20171029T010000
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DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20171215
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20171216
DTSTAMP:20260506T001008
CREATED:20171215T151047Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201202T091454Z
UID:19399-1513296000-1513382399@www.bordeaux-neurocampus.fr
SUMMARY:Thèse de Mélissa Sourioux
DESCRIPTION:[FR] Étude des mécanismes de coordination des activités rythmiques locomotrice et sympathique au sein d’un réseau spinal activé par l’acétylcholine chez le rat nouveau-né. \nDefended on December 15\, 2017\n \nSupervisor: Jean-René Cazalets. INCIA\, CNRS UMR 5287.\nÉquipe Coordination et plasticité des générateurs spinaux (Sandrine Bertrand). \n\nLocomotion\, as any other forms of physical activity\, mobilizes the autonomic nervous system to match the increasing physiological demand. These autonomic responses mostly rely on the coupling between sympathetic and somatic motor activities. The propriospinal cholinergic system plays an important role in the control of locomotor networks\, and several lines of evidences suggest that it may also activate sympathetic preganglionic neurons from the intermediolateral nucleus (IMLs). \nThe aim of my doctoral thesis was to investigate the role of the cholinergic propriospinal system in the coordination between these two systems. Using the in vitro isolated spinal cord from new born rat\, we showed that application of acetylcholine synchronized the locomotor and sympathetic networks\, via the activation of muscarinic receptors. Indeed\, the non-selective agonist oxotremorine induced slow rhythmic activity blocked by muscarinic receptor antagonists. In addition\, oxotremorine revealed endogenous rhythmogenic capabilities of the thoracic segments. \nThis slow oscillatory activity propagated from thoracic ventral roots to lumbar ones\, but not the reverse. We observed that thoracic MNs were rhythmically activated during both locomotor-like activity and oxotremorine-induced rhythm. In contrast\, IMLs were rhythmically activated solely in the presence of oxotremorine. This study provides new light on the origin of the coupling between the somatic and the sympathetic systems. We propose that synchronizing mechanisms are achieved in part by an intraspinal network which may be activated under the control of the cholinergic propriospinal system. \nKeywords: spinal cord\, electrophysiology\, somatic system\, sympathetic system\, acetylcholine. \n  \n\nPublications:\n \n– Sourioux M*\, Bestaven E*\, Guillaud E\, Bertrand SS\, Cabanas M\, Milan L\, Mayo W\, Garret M & Cazalets JR. 3-D motion capture for long-term tracking of spontaneous locomotor behaviors and circadian sleep/wake rhythms in mouse. Journal of Neuroscience Methods (2017). In press. *contributed equally\n– Sourioux M\, Bertrand SS & Cazalets JR.  A cholinergic-activated thoracic spinal network for coupling of locomotor and sympathetic activities. Submitted.\n \nMélissa Sourioux\, PhD student Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d’Aquitaine UMR CNRS 5287 Université de Bordeaux Bâtiment 2A – Bordeaux Cedex  \n
URL:https://www.bordeaux-neurocampus.fr/en/event/these-de-melissa-sourioux/
CATEGORIES:Thesis
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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20171215
DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20171216
DTSTAMP:20260506T001008
CREATED:20171215T155729Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20201202T114930Z
UID:19395-1513296000-1513382399@www.bordeaux-neurocampus.fr
SUMMARY:Thesis defense - Marion Rincel
DESCRIPTION:Role of the gut-brain axis in early-stress-induced emotional vulnerability. \nDefended on December 15\, 2017. \nSupervisor: Muriel Darnaudéry / NUTRINEURO/ Team «Psychoneuroimmunology and Nutrition (Lucile Capuron) \nEarly-life adversity is a main risk factor for psychiatric disorders at adulthood; however the mechanisms underlying the programming effect of stress during development are still unknown. In rodents\, chronic maternal separation has long lasting effects in adult offspring\, including hyper-anxiety and hyper-responsiveness to a novel stress\, along with gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Moreover\, recent studies report gut barrier hyper-permeability in rat pups submitted to maternal separation\, an effect that could potentially lead to dysbiosis and altered brain-gut communication.\nTherefore\, the aim of my PhD was to unravel the role of the brain-gut axis in the neurobehavioral effects of early-life stress. We recently reported that some neural\, behavioral and endocrine alterations associated with maternal separation in rats could be prevented by maternal exposure to a high-fat diet. We first addressed the effects of maternal high-fat diet on brain and gut during development in the maternal separation model. We show that maternal high-fat diet prevents the stress-induced spines density decrease and altered dendrites morphology in the medial prefrontal cortex. Moreover maternal high-fat also attenuates the exacerbated intestinal permeability associated with maternal separation. To explore a potential causal role of gut on brain functions\, we then examined the impact of manipulations of intestinal permeability on brain and behavior. \nWe report 1) that restoration of gut barrier function attenuates some of the behavioral alterations associated with maternal separation and 2) that transgenic mice over-expressing intestinal CA-MLCK leading to chronic gut leakiness exhibited the same phenotype than animals exposed to maternal separation. Finally\, we examined the effects of multifactorial early-life adversity on behavior\, gut function and microbiota composition in males and females using a combination of prenatal inflammation and maternal separation in mice. At adulthood\, offspring exposed to early adversity displayed sex-specific behavioral (social behavior deficits in males and hyper-anxiety in females) and intestinal phenotypes. \nIn conclusion\, our work demonstrates an impact of gut dysfunctions\, in particular gut leakiness\, on the emergence of emotional alterations. Further studies are needed to unravel the role of the gut dysbiosis in the expression of the behavioral phenotypes associated with early-life adversity. \nKeywords : animal models of psychiatric disorders; behavior; early-life adversity; gut permeability; gut microbiota; HPA axis\, stress\, sex differences \nPublications\n\nRincel M\, Lépinay AL\, Janthakhin Y\, Soudain G\, Yvon S\, Da Silva S\, Joffre C\, Aubert A\, Séré A\, Layé S\, Theodorou V\, Ferreira G\, Darnaudéry M. Maternal high-fat diet and early-life stress differentially modulate spine density and dendritic morphology in the medial prefrontal cortex of juvenile and adult rats. Brain Struct Funct 2017 Oct 11. \nJanthakhin Y*\, Rincel M*\, Costa AM\, Darnaudéry M* and Ferreira G*. Maternal high-fat diet leads to hippocampal and amygdala dendritic remodeling in adult male offspring. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017 83\, 49–57. *contributed equally \nRomaní-Pérez M*\, Lépinay AL*\, Alonso L\, Rincel M\, Xia L\, Fanet H\, Caillé S\, Cador M\, Layé S\, Vancassel S and Darnaudéry M. Impact of perinatal exposure to high-fat diet and stress on response to nutritional challenge\, food-motivated behaviour and mesolimbic dopamine function. Int J Obes 2017 41\,502-509. *contributed equally \nRincel M*\, Lépinay AL*\, Delage P\, Fioramonti J\, Théodorou VS\, Layé S and Darnaudéry M. Maternal high-fat diet prevents developmental programming by early-life stress. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6: e966. *contributed equally \nRincel M\, Lépinay AL\, Gabory A\, Théodorou V\, Koehl M\, Daugé V\, Maccari S and Darnaudéry M. [Early life stressful experiences and neuropsychiatric vulnerability: evidences from human and animal models]. Med Sci (Paris) 2016; 32: 93–99. \nArticles in preparation: \nRincel M*\, Olier M*\, Minni A\, Monchaux de Oliveira C\, Matime Y\, Gaultier E\, Grit I\, Helbling JC\, Costa AM\, Lépinay AL\, Heil SDS\, Yvon S\, Moisan MP\, Layé S\, Ferrier L\, Parnet P\, Theodorou V* and Darnaudéry M* Early restoration of gut barrier function abrogates the long-term neurobehavioral effects of early-life stress in rats. \nRincel M*\, Xia L*\, Thomas J\, Lainé J\, Monchaux de Oliveira C\, Gros L\, Beyris A\, Helbling JC\, Bacquié V\, Capuron L\, Moisan MP\, Theodorou V\, Turner J\, Ferrier L* and Darnaudéry M*. Gut-specific overexpression of the myosin light chain kinase impairs emotional behavior\, neuroendocrine response to stress and brain expression of stress-related genes in a sex-dependent manner \nRincel M\, Aubert P\, Chevalier J\, Grohard PA\, Basso L\, Monchaux de Oliveira C\, Lévy E\, Chevalier G\, Leboyer M\, Eberl G\, Layé S\, Capuron L\, Vergnolle N\, Neunlist M\, Boudin H\, Lepage P and Darnaudéry M. Sex-specific behavioral alterations are associated with gut dysbiosis in mice exposed to multifactorial early-life adversity. \nMarion Rincel / NUTRINEURO/ Team “Psychoneuroimmunology and Nutrition” / Bordeaux Carreire \n
URL:https://www.bordeaux-neurocampus.fr/en/event/marion-rincel/
CATEGORIES:Thesis
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