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SUMMARY:Thesis defense - Maud Martinat
DESCRIPTION:Venue: to be confirmed \nDefense in french \n\nThesis supervisor: Sophie Layé (NutriNeuro) \nTitle\nOméga 3 et troubles de l’humeur : mécanismes d’action neuroprotecteurs (Omega 3 and mood disorders\, study of neuroprotective actions mechanisms) \nRésumé\nThe brain is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) whose long chains\, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and ecosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from omega 3 (n–3)\, accumulate during development. Their precursors are not synthesized de novo by mammals and must be provided by food. However\, it has been shown that an unbalanced and deficient maternal dietary intake of n–3 PUFAs induces cognitiveand electrophysiological alterations in infants and in mouse models of nutritional deficiency. \nWe are interested in the impact of a nutritional intervention during development and how a diet unbalanced in n–3 PUFA alters neural networks and cognition\, by studying the molecular mechanisms and taking into account the gender. To this end\, different models are used: 1) mice are deficient in PUFAs during development and then exposed to a diet rich in n–3 PUFAs at weaning; 2) to develop a local deficiency model by viral injection blocking the expression of the elongase ELOVL2 (involved in the synthesis of long–chain PUFAs) in astrocytes to assess the impact on the properties of the surrounding neurons. \nOur results suggest that a change in nutritional status from deficiency to a diet rich in n–3 PUFA at weaning restores 1) long–term synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus in males and females\, 2) cognition as well as fatty acid levels in the brain but in a differential manner between the two sexes. In the second part of the results\, a local variation of PUFA synthesis in the astrocyte modifies the excitability of neurons without modifying the levels of fatty acids in the brain structure while modifying some criteria of emotional behavior. \nKey words: PUFA\, developpment\, cognition\, neuroprotection \nJury\nPr Mélanie Plourde\, Professeure\, Université de Sherbrooke\, Québec\, Canada\, Rapportrice \nDr Pascale Chavis\, Directrice de Recherche\, Inmed\, Marseille\, France\,   Rapportice \nDr Niyazi Acar\, Directeur de Recherche\, INRAE\, Dijon\, France\, Examinateur \nPr Frédéric Calon\, Professeur\, Université de Laval\, Canada\, Président\, Examinateur \nPr Richard Bazinet\, Professeur Associé\, Université de Toronto\, Canada\, Co-directeur \nDr Sophie Layé\, Directrice de Recherche\, INRAE\, Bordeaux\, France\, Directrice    \n
URL:https://www.bordeaux-neurocampus.fr/en/event/thesis-defense-maud-martinat/
CATEGORIES:Thesis
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