Using EEG-based brain computer interface and neurofeedback targeting sensorimotor rhythms to improve motor skills: Theoretical background, applications and prospects
Neurophysiologie Clinique. 2019-04-01; 49(2): 125-136
DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2018.10.068
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Jeunet C(1), Glize B(2), McGonigal A(3), Batail JM(4), Micoulaud-Franchi JA(5).
Author information:
(1)Laboratoire cognition, langues, langage, ergonomie (CLLE), CNRS/Université
Toulouse Jean-Jaurès, 31058 Toulouse, France.
(2)EA4136, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, University of Bordeaux,
Bordeaux University Hospital, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
(3)Inserm, Aix Marseille Université, INS, institut de neurosciences des systèmes,
13005 Marseille, France; Service de neurophysiologie clinique, centre hospitalo
universitaire de la Timone, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13005 Marseille, France.
(4)Academic Psychiatry Department, centre hospitalier Guillaume-Régnier, 35033
Rennes, France; EA 4712 Behavior and Basal Ganglia, Rennes 1 University, CHU de
Rennes, 35033 Rennes, France.
(5)Service d’explorations fonctionnelles du système nerveux, clinique du sommeil,
CHU de Bordeaux, place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux, France; USR CNRS 3413
SANPSY, université de Bordeaux, CHU Pellegrin, 33076 Bordeaux, France. Electronic
address: .
Many Brain Computer Interface (BCI) and neurofeedback studies have investigated
the impact of sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) self-regulation training procedures on
motor skills enhancement in healthy subjects and patients with motor
disabilities. This critical review aims first to introduce the different
definitions of SMR EEG target in BCI/Neurofeedback studies and to summarize the
background from neurophysiological and neuroplasticity studies that led to SMR
being considered as reliable and valid EEG targets to improve motor skills
through BCI/neurofeedback procedures. The second objective of this review is to
introduce the main findings regarding SMR BCI/neurofeedback in healthy subjects.
Third, the main findings regarding BCI/neurofeedback efficiency in patients with
hypokinetic activities (in particular, motor deficit following stroke) as well as
in patients with hyperkinetic activities (in particular, Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD) will be introduced. Due to a range of limitations,
a clear association between SMR BCI/neurofeedback training and enhanced motor
skills has yet to be established. However, SMR BCI/neurofeedback appears
promising, and highlights many important challenges for clinical neurophysiology
with regards to therapeutic approaches using BCI/neurofeedback.
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